Assuming there are still questions about the suitability of a gauge for a particular application after a gauge repeatability and reproducibility (GR&R) study, Measurement Systems Analysis, 4th Edition (MSA-4), published by AIAG in 2010, recommends using an additional study in the calibration environment for more information on bias, linearity, or stability. Each of these studies can provide information about repeatability on reference standards and other variables, in addition to information on the variable for which they are named.

The most popular study for that purpose is the bias study. It requires one operator, and one reference standard (or calibrated part). Typically, it uses 25 repetitions. This article will use popular software, and published data, to demonstrate all the uses for a bias study.

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