(GAO: Washington, D.C.) -- In 1995, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) designated Department of Defense (DOD) business systems modernization as a high-risk program, and the program remains on the high-risk list today. A key to successful systems modernization is having and using an enterprise architecture, including elements of lean and Six Sigma process controls, as an authoritative frame of reference, or blueprint, for system investment decisions.

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