W. Edwards Deming was an American engineer, statistician, professor, author, lecturer, and management consultant. While working under Gen. Douglas MacArthur as a census consultant to the Japanese government, he was contacted by the Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers (JUSE) to talk directly to Japanese business leaders, not about SPC, but about his theories of management, and he returned to Japan for many years to consult. Later, he became a professor at New York University, while engaged as an independent consultant in Washington, DC. Deming was the author of Quality Productivity and Competitive Position, Out of the Crisis (1982–1986), and The New Economics for Industry, Government, Education (1993), as well as books on statistics and sampling.